Refining Processes for Biofuels and Renewable Fuels

1. Energy outlook
2. Energy sources and demand
3. Definition – biofuels and alternative fuels
4. Types of biofuels
5. Terminology

1. Global overview of biofuels regulation approach
2. Types of specifications
3. Primary and secondary importance properties
4. Specification differences (EU, USA, Middle East, Asia…)
5. RED directive

1. Sustainable production of biomass
2. Standardisation of sustainability
3. Voluntary standards
4. Chain of custody
5. Certification approaches

1. Classification of fuels
2. Basic fuel chemistry
3. Key elements of engine design and how fuels affect its performance and emissions

1. Types of alternative fossil fuels
2. CNG, LNG, LPG
3. Mixtures of synthetic liquid hydrocarbons

1. Conventional and advanced biofuels
2. Classification according to feedstock source and chemical structure
3. Classification according to the generation of biofuels

1. Biomass classification
2. Edible and non-edible feedstock
3. Terrestrial crops
4. Lignocellulose
5. Algae
6. Used cooking oil (UCO)
7. RED II Directive – the advanced feedstock for biodiesel production

1. Emission trends
2. Car engine operation
3. Exhaust gases
4. Impact on engine operation
5. Additives
6. Biofuels in different transport sectors

1. Feedstock
2. Chemistry of biodiesel
3. Technology and production
4. Basic properties
5. Biodiesel vs conventional diesel
6. Advantages and disadvantages
7. Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO)
8. Biomass to liquid (BtL)
9. Bio Jet fuel

1. Background and history of production
2. Feedstock
3. Chemistry
4. Technology and production
5. Production from lignocellulose
6. Application of bioethanol
7. Advantages and disadvantages

1. Classification according to the type of production
2. Methods of production
3. Fuel cell
4. Hydrogen storage and safety
5. Advantages and disadvantages

1. History of producing fuel from algae
2. Feedstock for production
3. Microbiology and physiology of algae
4. Production of biodiesel from algae
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis
7. Dimethyl Ether (DME)

1. Basic characteristics of biofuels
2. Specifics of characterisation of biofuels
3. Measurement of biofuels content in mineral fuels

1. The required quality and specific parameters of biofuels
2. Quality requirements of mineral and biofuel for blending
3. Types of biofuel blending
4. Terminology
5. Challenges of biofuel blending

1. Environmental requirements for biofuels stability and storage
2. Water contamination
3. Risks of blended fuel contamination
4. Preventive actions
5. Corrective actions

1. Emission trends
2. Car engine operation
3. Exhaust gases
4. Impact on engine operation
5. Additives
6. Biofuels in different transport sectors

1. Renewable fuels and biofuels in a petroleum refinery
2. Classification of biorefineries based on their feedstock
3. Technology challenges
4. Biomaterials in petroleum refining units – co-processing
5. Integrated refining concepts